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PHP Quick Reference

Error Handling & Display
Error Display Configuration
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);

// Common error constants:
// E_ALL         - All errors and warnings
// E_ERROR       - Fatal runtime errors
// E_WARNING     - Runtime warnings
// E_PARSE       - Compile-time parse errors
// E_NOTICE      - Runtime notices
// E_DEPRECATED  - Warnings about deprecated features
Error Handling Example
try {
    // Your code here
    throw new Exception('Error message');
} catch (Exception $e) {
    error_log($e->getMessage());
    // or
    error_log(print_r($e, true));
}
Debugging Functions
Print & Debug
  • var_dump($var) - Detailed info
  • print_r($var) - Readable format
  • var_export($var) - PHP code format
  • debug_print_backtrace() - Call stack
  • debug_backtrace() - Stack trace array
Common Functions
  • phpinfo() - PHP configuration
  • get_defined_vars() - All variables
  • memory_get_usage() - Memory usage
  • error_get_last() - Last error
Common Code Snippets
Array Operations
// Array manipulation
$array = array_map(fn($x) => $x * 2, $array);
$filtered = array_filter($array, fn($x) => $x > 0);
$sum = array_reduce($array, fn($a, $b) => $a + $b, 0);

// Array checking
in_array($needle, $haystack);
array_key_exists($key, $array);
isset($array[$key]);
String Functions
// String manipulation
$str = trim($str);
$pos = strpos($haystack, $needle);
$sub = substr($string, $start, $length);
$replaced = str_replace($search, $replace, $subject);

// Regular expressions
preg_match($pattern, $subject, $matches);
preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $subject);
Date & Time Functions
Common Date Formats
// Current date/time
echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s');     // 2024-01-20 15:30:45
echo date('d/m/Y');           // 20/01/2024
echo date('l, F j, Y');       // Saturday, January 20, 2024

// Format with strftime
setlocale(LC_TIME, 'en_US');
echo strftime('%B %d, %Y');   // January 20, 2024

// DateTime class
$date = new DateTime();
echo $date->format('Y-m-d');  // 2024-01-20
Date Format Characters
  • Y - Full year (2024)
  • y - Year, 2 digits (24)
  • m - Month, with leading zeros (01-12)
  • n - Month, without leading zeros (1-12)
  • d - Day of month, with leading zeros (01-31)
  • j - Day of month, without leading zeros (1-31)
  • H - 24-hour format (00-23)
  • h - 12-hour format (01-12)
  • i - Minutes (00-59)
  • s - Seconds (00-59)
  • D - Short day name (Mon-Sun)
  • l - Full day name (Monday-Sunday)
  • M - Short month name (Jan-Dec)
  • F - Full month name (January-December)
Date Manipulation
// Add/subtract days
echo date('Y-m-d', strtotime('+1 day'));
echo date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-2 weeks'));
echo date('Y-m-d', strtotime('+3 months'));

// Using DateTime
$date = new DateTime();
$date->modify('+1 day');
$date->add(new DateInterval('P2D'));    // Add 2 days
$date->sub(new DateInterval('P1M'));    // Subtract 1 month

// Date difference
$date1 = new DateTime('2024-01-01');
$date2 = new DateTime('2024-02-15');
$interval = $date1->diff($date2);
echo $interval->days;    // 45
Timezone & Validation
// Set timezone
date_default_timezone_set('America/New_York');

// Get current timezone
echo date_default_timezone_get();

// Check valid date
var_dump(checkdate(2, 29, 2024));  // true (leap year)
var_dump(checkdate(2, 29, 2023));  // false

// Parse date string
$timestamp = strtotime('next Monday');
$timestamp = strtotime('2024-01-20 15:30:00');

// Compare dates
$date1 = strtotime('2024-01-20');
$date2 = strtotime('2024-02-15');
if ($date1 < $date2) {
    echo 'Date1 is earlier';
}